How can tectonic activity impact oceanic biodiversity?

Tectonic activity has a significant impact on oceanic biodiversity primarily by disrupting existing habitats and creating new ones. When tectonic plates shift, they can cause various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of new landforms like island arcs and ocean trenches. These processes can destroy established habitats while simultaneously allowing for the formation of new environments.

For instance, volcanic islands created by underwater volcanoes can become new ecosystems that support a variety of marine life, potentially increasing biodiversity in the area. Similarly, tectonic events can alter ocean currents and nutrient flows, which can have cascading effects on local marine ecosystems and their inhabitants.

The transformation of habitats can also lead to speciation, as populations may adapt to new environmental conditions, fostering diverse biological communities. In contrast, the other options consider factors that don't align as closely with the dynamic and often disruptive nature of tectonic activity on marine life.