In terms of evolution, how does plate tectonics affect species diversity?

The influence of plate tectonics on species diversity is significant, primarily because plate tectonics can lead to the isolation of populations. This isolation occurs when tectonic plates shift, creating geographical barriers such as mountains, oceans, or rift valleys. When populations are separated by these barriers, they can evolve independently over time. This process, known as allopatric speciation, often results in the divergence of species due to differing environmental pressures and available resources in their isolated habitats.

As populations adapt to their specific environments, unique traits and adaptations can emerge, leading to an increase in biodiversity. The separation allows for variations to develop without the homogenizing effect of interbreeding with other populations, thus fostering greater diversity among species. Therefore, the movement of tectonic plates, leading to isolation, is a critical factor in stimulating evolutionary processes and enhancing species diversity.