What are rift valleys?

Rift valleys are formed when tectonic plates move apart, specifically within a continent, leading to a low area or depression in the Earth's surface. This tectonic activity occurs at divergent plate boundaries, where the tectonic forces pull the land apart. As the plates separate, the land in between can sink, creating a rift valley.

These valleys often feature steep sides and can eventually lead to the formation of new ocean basins if the rifting continues over geological time. The geographic features associated with rift valleys, such as their trough-like shape and surrounding uplifted areas, are direct results of the tectonic movements that create them.

Understanding this formation helps clarify the geological processes that shape our planet’s surface and provides insight into the types of ecosystems that can develop in these unique environments.