What defines a tsunami?

A tsunami is defined as a series of ocean waves generated by underwater disturbances, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. These disturbances displace a large volume of water, initiating a wave that can travel across entire ocean basins at high speeds.

The nature of tsunamis is distinct from other types of waves, as they can occur with little to no warning and can produce devastating effects when they reach coastal areas. Unlike wind-generated waves, which are influenced primarily by atmospheric conditions, a tsunami's formation is directly linked to significant geological events under the ocean.

The other options describe phenomena that are either different in origin or scope. For example, while hurricanes create large waves, these are not tsunamis and are generated by wind rather than underwater disturbances. Similarly, tidal waves relate to the gravitational effects of the moon and sun, which cause regular fluctuations in sea level, not the deep and disruptive series of waves characteristic of a tsunami. Lastly, submarine volcanic eruptions can lead to tsunamis; however, the definition of a tsunami encompasses a broader range of underwater disturbances rather than being limited to volcanic activity.