Which of the following best describes volcanic activity associated with subduction zones?

Volcanic activity associated with subduction zones is characterized by the formation of larger and more explosive volcanoes. This is due to the process of subduction itself, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another into the mantle. The descending plate releases water and other volatile compounds, lowering the melting point of the surrounding mantle material. This process generates magma that is typically more silica-rich.

Silica-rich magma has a higher viscosity, which can trap gases and lead to pressure build-up within a volcano. When this pressure is released, it can result in highly explosive eruptions, producing significant amounts of ash and pyroclastic materials. Stratovolcanoes, commonly found in subduction zones, are known for their steep profiles and explosive eruptions, marking them as distinct from the shield volcanoes associated with more effusive volcanic activity, typically seen at hotspots or divergent boundaries.

The other options do not accurately capture the nature of volcanic activity at subduction zones. For instance, volcanic eruptions are common in these areas, contrary to the suggestion that they are rare. Subduction zones are not known for producing shield volcanoes, which are formed by low-viscosity lava flows, rather than the viscous magma typical of subduction-related explosions. Additionally